Lucinda Console, font size 8 1865 17 Andrew Johnson (Unionist) 65 11 April: Death of Lincoln old War Democrat Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands created vs. Radicals 66 Civil Rights Act 67 Congressional Reconstruction: Military Reconstruction Act, Command of Army Act,Tenure of Office Act Peace Commission's reservation policy implemented Patrons of Husbandry founded: Grange movement House votes to Impeach 68 14th Ammendment ratified 1869 18 Ulysses S. Grant (Republican) 69 Public Credit Act "Whiggish" president "Black Friday" 24 September: Jay Gould & Grant's b-in-law try to corner gold market Prohibition party founded 70 &71 Enforcement Acts 71 Credit Mobilier scandal 72 First International Headquarters comes to NY vs. Horace Greeley (Lib-Rep) Yellow Stone National Park becomes national reserve 73 Economic Panic: 25 railroads default on interest payments Rush to sell commodites closes Market 10 days 74 Democrats win the House Women's Christian Temperance Union founded 75 Resumption Act: "good as gold" Independent National party founded: Greenback party 76 Centennial state Colorado admitted after 12 year hiatus Battle of Little Bighorn Bell patents telephone 1877 19 Rutherford B Hayes (Rep.) 77 END OF RECONSTRUCTION, GILDED AGE BEGINS 3x governor of Ohio Compromise of 1877: corrupt election, Electoral Commission hard money advocate set up. Democrats abandon Tilden for withdrawl of Federal civil service reformer troops. Republican reconstruction governments collapse. "de facto" president Party split: Stalwarts Great Railroad Strike: first major interstate strike Half-Breeds 78 National Greenback Party elects 14 Congressmen Knights of Labor's first general assembly Bland- Allison Act 79 Anti- Saloon League founded 80 1881 20 James A. Garfield (Rep.) 81 American Federation of Labor founded dark horse candidate July 2: Garfield shot. Sept 19: dies Speaker of the House Department of Agriculture's Division of Forestry created 1881 21 Chester A. Arthur (Rep.) cronie of Roscoe Conkling 82 Chinese Exclusion Act but distanced himself during presidency 83 Pendleton Civil Service Act prosecuted Star Route frauds civil service and tariff "Mongrel Tariff" reformer 84 Bureau of Labor Statistics created 1885 22 Grover Cleveland (Democrat) 85 governor of NY 86 Haymarket Affair fought Tammany Hall vs Blaine, a Half-Breed Wabash v. Illinios: denies states' regulation of interstate commerce 87 Interstate Commerce Commission created 88 1889 23 Benjamin Harrison (Rep.) 89 North & South Dakota, Montana & Washington admitted Cleveland won pop. vote 90 Dependent Pension Act overshadowed by SOS Blaine Sherman Anti- Trust Act: vs. monopolies Sherman Silver Purchase Act McKinley Tariff: raised duties on manufactured goods Idaho & Wyoming admitted "How the Other Half Lives" Jacob Riis. 91 Forest Reserve Act 92 Homestead Steel Strike 1893 24 Grover Cleveland (Democrat) 93 Sherman Silver Purchase Act repealed to stop silver notes being redeemed in gold Economic depression vs. Populist James B. Weaver vs. Rep. Benjamin Harrison Anti- Saloon League formed 94 Pullman Strike Army of the Commonweal of Christ led by Jacob Coxey marches on Washington "Wealth Against Commonwealth" Henry Demarest Lloyd. 95 96 South Carolina adopts first state- wide primary 1897 25 William McKinley (Republican) 97 Dingley Tariff: highest yet vs. pro- silver William 98 South Dakota adopts initiative and referendum Jennings Bryan "front- porch" campaign" 99 00 Gold Standard Act 1901 26 Theodore Roosevelt (Rep.) 01 Spindletop gusher in Texas heralds SW oil fields vs. Wm Jennings Bryan 02 Roosevelt moves against Northern Securities Company Farmers' Union founded in Texas 03 Elkins Act: makes it illegal to give or take rebates Wilbur and Orville Wright fly first airplane in Kitty Hawk, NC Ford Motor Company founded vs. Alton Parker 04 "The Shame of the Cities" Lincoln Steffens. "History of the Standard Oil Company" Ida Tarbell. 05 Swift and Company vs United States: "Stream of commerce" 06 Hepburn Act: gives ICC power to set freight rates Pure Food and Drug Act & Meat Inspection Act "The Jungle" Upton Sinclair. 07 08 National Conservation Commission Ford's Model T released for $850 ($290 by 1924) 1909 27 William H. Taft (Republican) 09 "The Promise of American Life" Herbert Croly: Hamiltonian means to Jeffersonian ends. vs. Wm Jennings Bryan 10 Ballinger- Pinchot controversy: Taft fires Pinchot Only elected Office heir- select of Roosevelt Radical Republicans join Democrats for congressional reform joins Rep. Old Guard against Speaker Joseph Cannon Mann- Elkins Act: empowers ICC, sets up Commerce Court 11.open break with Roosevelt 11 dollar diplomacy & open door policy in China over US Steel Triangle Shirtwaist Company of NY burns, 146 killed "Principles of Scientific Management" Frederick Taylor. Standard Oil broken up Appalachian Forest Reserve Act 12 Marines enter Nicaragua Bureau of Mines established Federal Children's Bureau established Arizona and New Mexico admitted 1913 28 Woodrow Wilson (Democrat) 13 16th Ammendment retified: federal income tax vs. Taft 17th Ammendment ratified: direct election of senators vs. Roosevelt (Progressive) New Freedom vs New Underwood- Simmons Tarriff: lowered tarriffs, first income tax Nationalism Socialist Debs gets 900k Glass- Owen Federal Reserve Act: Federal Reserve Banks & Board Governor of NJ 14 Federal Trade Commission replaces Bureau of Corporations 14.New Freedom "complete" Clayton Antitrust Act: outlaws price discrimination, tying agreements Smith- Lever Act: provided for farm demonstration agents Tampico Incident: April: Wilson authorizes a naval force to enter Vera Cruz 15 May 7: British liner Lusitania sunk by German U- 22. 128 Americans killed. "Birth of a Nation": D.W. Griffith. vs. Charles Evans Hughes(R) 16 Adamson Act: required 8- hour workday, 1&1/2 pay for overtime Justice on Supreme Court progressive governor of NY National Parks Service Created "He kept us out of war!" Federal Farm Loan Act: offered cheap loans Warehouse Act: authorized federal licensing of private warehouses Federal Highways Act: matched dollars with states for new roads Keating- Owen Child Labor Act: limited work to 14+, ruled unconstitutional Louis Brandeis to Supreme Court Pancho Villa conducts raids on New Mexico and Texas. General John Pershing sent to Mexico on a fruitless chase. National Defense Act expanded the army and the National Guard Naval Construction Act creates a three- year program of enlargement Revenue Act doubles basic income tax to 2%, and raises surtax to max. 13% Army Appropriations Act creates a Council of National Defense 17 Zimmermann telegram intercepted by the British. German foreign secretary offered recovery to Mexico of lost territory for alliance against the US Smith- Hughes Act: grants for agricultural and mechanical education in high schools Committee on Public Information headed by George Creel influenced public opinion through propaganda 6 April: Wilson signs measure declaring war Liberty Loan Act adds $5 billion to national debt in Liberty Bonds Selective Service Act: all men 21 to 30 had to register for armed service Lever Food and Fuel Control Act, created a Food Administration headed by Herbert Hoover War Industries Board, headed by Bernard Baruch, exercised virtual dictatorship over the economy Espionage Act prosecuted those intending to disrupt the war effort 18 January 8: Wilson delivers "14 Points" to Congress Sedition Act extended Espionage Act to those obstructing the sale of Liberty Bonds or advocating cutbacks in production. Eugene Debs was imprisoned for encouraging draft resistance under the Espionage Act 5 November: Democrats lose control of both the House and the Senate in mid- term elections 11 November: armistice signed with Germany, ending hostilities 19 January 16: 18th Ammendment ratified, banning the manufacture, sale and transportation of liquor June 28: Germans sign the Treaty of Versailles October 2: Wilson suffers sever stroke 20 May 20: Wilson vetoes joint resolution of Congress to end the state of war 19th Ammendment ratified, extending Women's suffrage acroos the country American Farm Bureau Federation founded, representing "businesslike" attitude of commercial agriculture 1921 29 Warren Gamaliel Harding (R.) 21 July 2: State of war with Germany and Austria- Hungary ends Ohio Senator Budget and Accounting Act: created Bureau of the Budget and General Calvin Coolidge V.P. Accounting Office vs. James Cox (D.) and FDR return to "normalcy" 22 Fordney- McCumber Tarriff increased rates on chemicals and metals as a safeguard against the revival of those industries in Germany "American Individualism" Herbert Hoover, expresses "associationalism". 1923 30 Calvin Coolidge (R) 23 August 3: Coolidge assumes presidency vs John W Davis (D) 24 Teapot Dome scandal: senatorial investigation over Interior Department head vs Robert La Follette (P) Albert Fall's no- bid contracts on Wyoming oil deposits given for personal who got 4.8 mill votes loans 25 Scopes Trial, concerning evolution, Clarence Darrow vs. William Jennings Bryan Kelly Act: government subsidizes aircraft industry through airmail contracts 26 Revenue Act: lowered estate taxes and repealed the gift tax. Bureau of Aviation created under Hoover's Department of Commerce Railway Labor Act abolished Railway Labor Board, substituting Board of Mediation and provided for the formation of railway unions Florida real eastate market bubble bursts First movie with sound accompaniment appears NBC, subsidiary of RCA, begins linking radio stations into a network 27 Solo flight of Charles A. Linbergh Jr. across the Atlantic Federal Radio Commission established to regulate the industry "The Jazz Singer" 1928 31 Herbert Hoover (R) 28 head of Dept of Commerce 29 Agricultural Marketing Act set up a Federal Farm Board, providing loans vs Gov. Alfred E Smith of NY to farm cooperatives, and "stabilization corporations" October 29: "Black Tuesday" Wall Street brokers sell 16.4 million shares 30 Hawley- Smoot Tariff carried tariffs to an all- time high Democrats win a majority in the House and make gains in the Senate 31 32 Reconstruction Finance Corporation created, authorizing emergency loans to businesses Glass- Steagall Act broadened the definition of commercial loans the Federal REserve would support Federal Home Loan Bank Act created discount banks for home mortgages Emergency Relief and Construction Act authorized loans of up to 1.5 billion for state public works, 322 million for federal works "Bonus Expeditionary Force" marches on Washington demanding 1924- promised bonus for World War veterans 33 34 Federal Communications Comission is created from the Federal Radio Comission 35 36 37 38 39 40